Does Prednisone Affect Sex Drive? What the Studies Actually Show

Prednisone and sex drive have never been measured head to head in a trial against placebo, and that shapes every number below. What has been counted is testosterone in men on long-term glucocorticoids: serum testosterone was reduced in 14 of 16 older men with lung disease, mean 211 against 449 ng/dL in matched controls, and free testosterone was decreased in all 16 glucocorticoid-treated men in a series of 36 men with COPD. Mood has a pooled number, depressive symptom scores higher on corticosteroids across 73 studies, SMD 0.92. The illness being treated carries its own counted burden, sexual problems in 39% of people with inflammatory bowel disease.

Figures from MacAdams et al. 1986 (PMID 3083749), Kamischke et al. 1998 (PMID 9543268) and Kusudo et al. 2026 (PMID 42365562). The first two are small cross-sectional studies of men with lung disease; the third pools observational studies.

Is it the prednisone, or is it me?

That question gets typed into a search bar at midnight by someone who has been on prednisone for weeks and noticed that wanting sex has quietly gone. The studies that exist were not built to answer it. Prednisone is taken for illnesses that already flatten desire, sleep and appetite for your own life. Asthma and COPD limit what your body will do. Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and inflammatory bowel disease bring pain, fatigue and a sexual burden of their own, covered in our pieces on lupus and sex drive, on autoimmune disease and sex drive and on chronic pain and low sex drive.

So the question arrives tangled, and it stays tangled in the data. Nobody took the drug out of the illness and weighed the two separately.

This page keeps three stacks apart. The testosterone studies: men, old, small, all with lung disease. The mood pool: 73 observational studies of psychiatric outcomes in corticosteroid users. The illness surveys: sexual function in inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where steroid use is one correlate on a long list. Desire itself, the thing you noticed, was never measured on prednisone against placebo. Every figure below is a step toward that missing measurement.

What the testosterone studies counted

MacAdams and colleagues (1986) drew blood from men aged 67 +/- 4 years with chronic pulmonary disease on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Serum testosterone was reduced in 14 of the 16, to a mean of 211 +/- 93 ng/dL, against 449 +/- 111 ng/dL in 11 age- and disease-matched controls (p less than 0.001), and dose and testosterone moved in opposite directions, r = -0.78. Protein binding was unaffected, basal gonadotrophin levels were not elevated, and the response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone was intact, which the authors read as a change in hypothalamic signalling. Sixteen men, eleven controls, cross-sectional, 1986.

Kamischke and colleagues (1998) studied 36 men with COPD, 16 taking oral glucocorticoids at a mean 9.4 +/- 1.1 milligrams of prednisolone. The groups matched on age, smoking history, additional therapy, lung function and blood gases at rest; the glucocorticoid group walked less in six minutes, 205 +/- 27 against 288 +/- 26 m, p = 0.02. Serum testosterone averaged 13.7 +/- 0.9 nM, below normal (under 12 nM) in 15 of 36 men. Free testosterone averaged 172.3 +/- 7.8 pM and was decreased in 25 of 36, including all 16 on glucocorticoids, where it correlated with current dose (r = -0.504, p = 0.007) and with body mass index (r = 0.241, p = 0.037).

Mileva and Maleeva (1988) counted 427 asthmatic men. Low blood testosterone appeared in 172 of them, 40.68%; morning testosterone was below 200 ng% in 32.32% and below 100 ng% in 37 men, 8.67%. It was more frequent in the corticosteroid-treated men than in men never treated with corticosteroids (31.63% in that untreated group), and it tracked severity: severe 37.76%, moderate 40.00%, mild 8.51%. The authors name stress, hypoxia and corticosteroid therapy together. No matched design, desire unmeasured.

Two replacement trials show what researchers were asking. Reid and colleagues (1996) gave 15 asthmatic men on long-term glucocorticoids a 250-milligram-a-month intramuscular depot of testosterone esters: lumbar spine bone density increased 5.0% +/- 1.4% (p = .005). Crawford and colleagues (2003) randomized 51 men on a mean 12.6 +/- 2.2 milligrams of prednisone a day to testosterone, nandrolone decanoate or placebo every fortnight for 12 months: muscle mass changed +3.5%, +5.8% and -0.9% (p less than 0.0001), and quality of life improved with testosterone only (p less than 0.001). Bone, muscle, a quality-of-life scale. If the hormone route brought you here, read do testosterone boosters work before you spend anything on it.

The mood route, with the numbers

Kusudo and colleagues (2026) gathered 73 observational studies of psychiatric outcomes in corticosteroid users, total N = 3,759,659: 22 cross-sectional, 31 cohort and 12 pre-post studies, plus case-control, registry and person-as-own-control designs. Against non-users, depressive symptom scores were higher, SMD 0.92, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.45, p less than 0.001, from 7 studies and 1,403 people, with I squared = 89%. That spread means the individual studies disagree a lot.

In the acute phase, 8 weeks or less after starting, manic symptoms were more frequent than depressive symptoms (6 studies, n = 1,086, OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.97). Psychotic symptoms were estimated in 2.4% of users (95% CI 0.76 to 7.26). Anxiety showed no association: SMD 0.13, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.51, p = 0.26. Meta-regression linked greater depressive severity to higher daily dose and older age, and cumulative dose, duration and sex came out empty. Randomized trials were excluded by design, GRADE certainty is low to very low, and desire is an outcome nowhere in the paper.

The one randomized trial here points the same way about mood. Brown and colleagues (2010) followed 30 outpatients prescribed high-dose oral prednisone for asthma (28) or allergic rhinitis (2) for about 7 days, with depression scores elevated at baseline. Depressive and asthma symptoms both improved during prednisone while declarative memory worsened, and the randomized drug was acetaminophen, which changed nothing in mood or memory.

Two reviews name the symptom and print no number. Starkman (2013) lists decreased libido and disrupted sleep among the features of cortisol excess, and says short-term glucocorticoid given above normal doses can bring a hypomanic syndrome. Webb and Valassi (2022) report that quality of life stays impaired after endogenous cortisol excess is treated. A mood score is the closest thing to a desire measurement this literature has. Our pages on depression and low libido and on stress, cortisol and sex drive go wider.

The illness is in the numbers too

Zhang and colleagues (2021) pooled 18 studies covering 36,676 people with inflammatory bowel disease. Sexual problems were reported by 39% (95% CI 37% to 40%), split 53% in women and 27% in men. Six factors raised the odds: operation (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.45), depression (OR 6.14, 95% CI 3.51 to 10.76), disease activity (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.64), comorbidities (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.06 to 5.00), age under 50 years (OR 3.85, 95% CI 2.41 to 6.14) and the need for corticosteroids (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.66, p = 0.001). Steroid need sits near the bottom of that list, behind depression by a wide gap.

Marín and colleagues (2013) ran a postal case-control survey of 355 people with inflammatory bowel disease aged 25 to 65 years plus 200 controls. Half the women and a third of the men said desire and satisfaction both worsened after diagnosis. Corticosteroid use was an independent predictor in women; biological agents, depression and diabetes were the predictors in men. Postal recall, no dose, no timing.

El Miedany and colleagues (2012) screened 231 people with rheumatoid arthritis in one clinic. Sexual problems were reported by 49 of 91 men (53.8%) and 64 of 140 women (45.7%). In men, erection problems correlated with pain score, cardiovascular disease, age, disease activity, fatigue, intramuscular steroid injection and tender joint count. In women they correlated with secondary Sjogren's syndrome, pain score, cardiovascular disease, hip joint involvement, disease activity and tender joint count. The commonest complaints were erection problems in men, and trouble finishing, low desire and low satisfaction in women.

Perez-Garcia and colleagues (2020) kept 87 of 289 full-text articles read, out of 9,735 identified, on men with rheumatic diseases. Sexual function was impaired in a high proportion, significantly so in most studies that had a control group, and reproductive hormone abnormalities appeared mainly in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, tracking disease activity. Nothing separates steroid use from disease activity. In every survey above, the steroid sits beside the disease, the pain and the mood, and the design cannot pull them apart.

What about women on prednisone?

The desire data in women comes from one clinic. Pinto and colleagues (2019) assessed 112 premenopausal married women with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chandigarh, India, mean age 34.0 (SD 6.8) years, median steroid dose at evaluation 7.5 milligrams a day of prednisolone. On the Female Sexual Function Index total score, 60.7% had impaired sexual function, and using the domain cut-offs more than 90% reported problems on the desire items. Couple satisfaction averaged 130.39 +/- 26.17, with 18 women (16.1%) below its cut-off. Sexual function correlated with marital satisfaction (r = .34, p less than 0.001), steroid dose (r = -.26, p = .008), disease activity (r = -.21, p = .027), depression (r = -.19, p = .039) and anxiety (r = -.201, p = .034). One clinic, no control group, and the steroid dose correlation is the weaker of the two that matter.

Basson and colleagues (2019) measured stress hormones in 275 women, 137 with persistently low desire and 138 without. The women with low desire had lower morning cortisol and lower morning DHEA, a flatter diurnal cortisol slope and a lower cortisol awakening response. No hormone value is printed as a number in the abstract, and no woman in it is named as taking prednisone. It is an association with the direction unresolved.

Clarke and colleagues (2013) fitted actigraphs in a pilot of night-time prednisone in 10 people with active rheumatoid arthritis. The device gave adequate data for 128 of 133 test days (96.2%), and satisfaction with sleep correlated with sleep efficiency (r = 0.71, p = 0.22). The authors found no apparent detrimental consequences of the night-time dose on sleep quality or quantity. Ten people, non-significant correlations, desire never measured.

No study in this set measured testosterone in women taking prednisone at all. For the wider picture, read low libido in women and sleep, libido and testosterone.

What has been counted, in order

Prednisone and sex drive has never been measured the way the internet writes about it. No trial put people on prednisone, gave a control group a placebo, and asked both a desire question. That study does not exist, so no honest page can print a percentage for it. What does exist runs across forty years: three small hormone studies in men with lung disease, two small testosterone-replacement trials, one huge meta-analysis of mood symptoms, one burst trial that watched memory, and sexual-function surveys done inside the illnesses prednisone treats. Seven looks, in order, with what each one actually measured.

Prednisone in the studies: what each measured, and what it says about desire

Study	Design	Who	Finding	What it says about desire
MacAdams 1986	Cross-sectional	16 men on glucocorticoids, 11 controls	Testosterone 211 against 449 ng/dL, r = -0.78 with dose	A hormone level in older men with lung disease. Desire was never asked.
Kamischke 1998	Cross-sectional	36 men with COPD	Free testosterone decreased in all 16 on glucocorticoids, r = -0.504 with dose	A hormone level, men only.
Mileva 1988	Case series	427 asthmatic men	Low testosterone 40.68%, more often if corticosteroid-treated	No matched design, no desire measure.
Reid 1996 and Crawford 2003	Randomized	15 and 51 men	Bone and muscle gains on testosterone, quality of life up with testosterone only	Desire never measured in either trial.
Kusudo 2026	Meta-analysis	73 observational studies	Depressive symptoms SMD 0.92, mania OR 2.42 in the first 8 weeks	Mood, never desire.
Brown 2010	Randomized	30 people on prednisone bursts	Depressive symptoms improved, memory worsened	Mood, never desire.
Zhang 2021	Meta-analysis	36,676 people with inflammatory bowel disease	39% pooled, corticosteroid need OR 2.62 behind depression OR 6.14	The illness and its treatment travel together.
Pinto 2019	Cross-sectional	112 women with lupus	Steroid dose r = -.26	One correlate among five, weaker than marital satisfaction at r = .34.

What actually helps, graded honestly

The dose is the only lever in this evidence that was measured against a hormone, and it belongs to your prescriber. In MacAdams and colleagues (1986) the corticosteroid dose and serum testosterone ran inversely together at r = -0.78, and Kamischke and colleagues (1998) found the same direction in the 16 men with COPD on glucocorticoids, at r = -0.504 with their current dose. Both are cross-sectional, so they show a pairing, and they show it in older men whose lungs were already sick. Lowering a dose is a real conversation. It is also a conversation about your asthma, your bowels or your joints, and only the person who wrote the prescription can weigh those.

A testosterone check is a reasonable question for a man on long-term prednisone. All three cross-sectional studies describe reduced testosterone, and both replacement trials open by saying the same thing in their background. What those two trials then counted was bone, muscle, body composition and a whole-scale quality of life score. The 51-man trial found quality of life improved with testosterone alone, which is the closest anything in this set comes to how you feel. Desire was not an outcome in either. So a low number gives your doctor a target, and it does not answer the question you walked in with. Our low libido in men piece covers what does get measured.

Mood is the second graded lever. In Kusudo and colleagues (2026), greater depressive severity tracked a higher daily dose and older age, and the first 8 weeks read manic more often than depressive. That belongs in the appointment, with the early weeks described separately from the months after. See why is my libido so low for how mood and desire get tangled.

The third lever is the illness, and in the bowel-disease pool it carried the larger odds: depression at 6.14 and disease activity at 2.73, against the need for corticosteroids at 2.62. In the lupus women, marital satisfaction correlated more strongly with sexual function than steroid dose did. For women there is no testosterone study on prednisone at all. The honest claim across this whole literature is a hormone level and a mood score, and brain fog and sex drive explains why the second one matters more than it sounds.

Does it wear off when the course ends?

Nobody in this set followed anybody off the drug, so the honest answer is that the timing data stops at the edge of the course. Brown and colleagues (2010) ran bursts of about 7 days in 30 people and found the mood and memory shifts sitting inside the course itself: depressive and asthma symptoms improved while declarative memory worsened during prednisone. No follow-up after the burst is printed. Kusudo and colleagues (2026) found the first 8 weeks ran manic more than depressive, at an odds ratio of 2.42, while the long-term depressive signal tracked daily dose. MacAdams (1986) and Kamischke (1998) are snapshots of men already on long-term therapy. Neither group was measured after stopping.

What to bring to your doctor

This is a short list, and it fits on one note in your phone. The point is to give your prescriber the things the studies did not have: your dose, your timeline, and the parts of your life nobody in a 1986 abstract thought to ask about.

1. Your dose and how long you have been taking it, since dose ran inversely with testosterone in both hormone studies (MacAdams 1986, Kamischke 1998).
2. Whether a testosterone test fits your case, if you are a man on long-term prednisone (MacAdams 1986, Kamischke 1998, Crawford 2003).
3. The mood picture with dates: the first weeks after starting, then the months after, since they read differently in the 73-study meta-analysis and in the burst trial (Kusudo 2026, Brown 2010).
4. The sleep picture, honestly, including night-time dosing. One pilot of 10 people on night-time prednisone measured sleep with a wrist actigraph and found no apparent detrimental effect on sleep quality or quantity (Clarke 2013).
5. How active the illness itself has been lately, since depression and disease activity carried larger odds than steroid need in bowel disease, and disease activity correlated with sexual function in lupus (Zhang 2021, Pinto 2019).
6. The supplement question with the label in your hand, because many prednisone readers have the lung, heart or kidney conditions that label names.

The everyday levers, and where a botanical fits

Start with who this section is not for. Asthma and COPD are lung conditions. Lupus and inflammatory bowel disease often bring kidney or heart involvement along with them. These are exactly what NUUD's own label warns about: avoid use if you are on blood pressure medication, have cardiovascular, renal, or pulmonary conditions, or if you are sensitive to any of the ingredients. For many readers of this article, that sentence is the answer. Talk to your doctor first and bring the label.

A few ordinary things move desire in most people, and the free ones do more work than the internet admits. They also happen to be the things prednisone disturbs.

• Sleep, in quantity and quality. Steroid nights are famous for it, and a small pilot found satisfaction with sleep tracked actigraph sleep efficiency at r = 0.71. Sleep, libido and testosterone covers that pairing.
• Movement you can sustain, even the short walks. The men with COPD on glucocorticoids walked 205 metres in six minutes against 288 for the untreated men, which is a number worth taking seriously. Exercise and libido covers the wider picture.
• Care for your mood and your pain, both named out loud at the appointment and taken as seriously as your peak flow or your joint count.
• Time with a partner, or on your own, with nothing expected at the end. In the lupus women, couple satisfaction correlated more strongly with sexual function than steroid dose did.
• A botanical supplement, if you want one, as the smallest lever on this list.

NUUD is a botanical supplement built around desire in general. It does nothing for prednisone, for cortisol, for testosterone, for mood, or for any illness the drug is treating, and it has no role in managing any medical condition. The formula is anchored by the NUUD Mushroom Complex™, with Muira Puama, Boiled Rehmannia Root, Tribulus Terrestris, and Piper Nigrum for absorption, on a timeline of roughly 30 to 60 minutes. If you take blood-pressure medication or have a heart, kidney or lung condition, the label says no, and your doctor decides the rest. If your doctor has read that label and has no objection, that is what our women's libido gummies are for. There is a men's version.

Nothing is wrong with you

Two answers circulate and both are useless. One is the shrug: it is your illness, it is your age, lots of people on steroids feel flat. The other is the forum certainty that steroids murder your sex drive, stated as settled fact by people who have not read a single one of these abstracts. The numbers sit in an awkward middle that nobody puts on a thumbnail.

In men on long-term glucocorticoids, testosterone came back at 211 ng/dL against 449 ng/dL in matched controls, and free testosterone was decreased in all 16 men with COPD taking the drug. Depressive symptom scores on corticosteroids ran higher by a standardized mean difference of 0.92. In inflammatory bowel disease, 39% reported a sexual problem before the steroid is counted at all, with depression carrying larger odds than steroid need.

So the drug, the illness, the mood and the broken sleep all flatten wanting at once, and my drive is nowhere to be found rarely arrives as one clean cause. You are not imagining it and you are not broken. If what you want is to stop feeling tired all the time and to want to want it again, that is a treatable conversation with the person who prescribes your prednisone, and it starts with one sentence: I just want to feel normal again.

Keep reading

• Lupus and sex drive
• Autoimmune disease and sex drive
• Chronic pain and low sex drive
• Cortisol and sex drive
• Blood pressure medication and sex drive
• Why is my libido so low?

Frequently asked questions

Does prednisone lower sex drive?
No trial has asked a desire question in people on prednisone and compared the answers to a placebo group, so that number does not exist. The evidence is indirect and it points three ways. Testosterone was lower in men on long-term glucocorticoids in two small older studies. Mood symptoms ran higher on corticosteroids in a meta-analysis of 73 studies, at a standardized mean difference of 0.92. And the illness being treated carries its own weight: 39% of people with inflammatory bowel disease reported a sexual problem, with steroid need one correlate among six.

Does prednisone lower testosterone?
In men, in small old studies, yes. MacAdams and colleagues (1986) found testosterone reduced in 14 of 16 men on long-term glucocorticoids, mean 211 ng/dL against 449 ng/dL in matched controls, with dose inversely related at r = -0.78. Kamischke and colleagues (1998) found free testosterone decreased in all 16 men with COPD taking glucocorticoids, correlated with dose at r = -0.504. Mileva and Maleeva (1988) found low testosterone in 40.68% of 427 asthmatic men, more often in the corticosteroid-treated. All men, all older, all with lung disease.

Does prednisone affect sex drive in women?
No testosterone study on prednisone has ever been run in women, so the hormone data is men only. What exists for women is correlation. Pinto and colleagues (2019) studied 112 premenopausal married women with lupus and found sexual function correlated with steroid dose at r = -.26, while marital satisfaction correlated more strongly at r = .34. Marin and colleagues (2013) found corticosteroid use an independent predictor of sexual problems in women with inflammatory bowel disease. A 2019 study of cortisol and DHEA in women with low desire is an association only.

Do the mood effects of prednisone affect desire?
The mood data are solid, and the step from mood to desire is an inference. Kusudo and colleagues (2026) pooled 73 observational studies and found depressive symptom scores higher on corticosteroids at a standardized mean difference of 0.92, with manic symptoms more frequent than depressive symptoms in the first 8 weeks at an odds ratio of 2.42, and greater severity linked to higher daily dose and older age. Brown and colleagues (2010) found bursts improved depressive symptoms while memory worsened. Starkman (2013) names decreased libido as a clinical feature with no number attached.

Can I take a botanical supplement with prednisone?
Ask your doctor first, because the conditions prednisone is prescribed for are the ones our own label names: avoid use if you are on blood pressure medication, have cardiovascular, renal, or pulmonary conditions, or if you are sensitive to any of the ingredients. That covers asthma, COPD, lupus and kidney involvement. NUUD does nothing for prednisone, cortisol, testosterone or mood, and no interaction studies exist for this formula. Bring the label to the appointment and let your doctor decide.

References

1. Reid IR, Wattie DJ, Evans MC, Stapleton JP. Testosterone therapy in glucocorticoid-treated men. Archives of internal medicine. 1996;156(11):1173-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8639011/
2. Webb SM, Valassi E. Quality of life impairment after a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary. 2022;25(5):768-771. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35767164/
3. Zhang J, Wei S, Zeng Q, Wu X, Gan H. Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of colorectal disease. 2021;36(9):2027-2038. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050786/
4. Starkman MN. Neuropsychiatric findings in Cushing syndrome and exogenous glucocorticoid administration. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2013;42(3):477-88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24011881/
5. Marín L, Mañosa M, Garcia-Planella E, et al. Sexual function and patients' perceptions in inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control survey. Journal of gastroenterology. 2013;48(6):713-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23124604/
6. MacAdams MR, White RH, Chipps BE. Reduction of serum testosterone levels during chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Annals of internal medicine. 1986;104(5):648-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3083749/
7. Brown ES, Denniston D, Gabrielson B, Khan DA, Khanani S, Desai S. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for preventing mood and memory effects of prednisone bursts. Allergy and asthma proceedings. 2010;31(4):331-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20819324/
8. Crawford BA, Liu PY, Kean MT, Bleasel JF, Handelsman DJ. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of androgen effects on muscle and bone in men requiring long-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2003;88(7):3167-76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12843161/
9. Kusudo K, Mashima Y, Yasuda H, Iyo T, Takeuchi H. Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Corticosteroid Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CNS drugs. 2026;40(8):1101-1147. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42365562/
10. Mileva Zh, Maleeva A. [The serum testosterone level of patients with bronchial asthma treated with corticosteroids and untreated]. Vutreshni bolesti. 1988;27(4):29-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3213021/
11. Kamischke A, Kemper DE, Castel MA, et al. Testosterone levels in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without glucocorticoid therapy. The European respiratory journal. 1998;11(1):41-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543268/
12. Basson R, O'Loughlin JI, Weinberg J, Young AH, Bodnar T, Brotto LA. Dehydroepiandrosterone and cortisol as markers of HPA axis dysregulation in women with low sexual desire. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;104:259-268. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909007/
13. Perez-Garcia LF, Te Winkel B, Carrizales JP, et al. Sexual function and reproduction can be impaired in men with rheumatic diseases: A systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism. 2020;50(3):557-573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32165034/
14. Pinto B, Grover S, Dhooria A, Rathi M, Sharma A. Sexual functioning and its correlates in premenopausal married Indian women with systemic lupus erythematosus. International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2019;22(10):1814-1819. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31424179/
15. El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, El Aroussy N, Youssef S, Ahmed I. Sexual dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients: arthritis and beyond. Clinical rheumatology. 2012;31(4):601-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22108779/
16. Clarke LL, Wilson S, Kirwan JR. Using actigraphy to measure sleep patterns in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study in patients taking night-time prednisone. Musculoskeletal care. 2013;11(3):179-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23695990/

This article is for general education and is not medical advice. Asthma, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and inflammatory bowel disease are medical conditions that only a licensed clinician can diagnose and manage. NUUD is a botanical supplement and has no role in diagnosing, treating, curing, or preventing any of them or any other disease, and these statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Talk with your doctor before starting any new supplement, and do not stop or change any medication without your doctor.