Does Vitamin B12 Increase Sex Drive? What the Studies Actually Show

Vitamin B12 and sex drive have never been connected in a randomized trial. Nobody has handed people B12 and then measured desire. The counted evidence is cross-sectional, and most of it is about erection problems in men: one study found lower median B12 in men with erection problems (256.0 against 337.5), another found no difference in erection scores between low and normal B12 (15.30 against 16.06, p = 0.575) and no significant difference in the share with low B12 among men with a desire problem (26.7% against 17.4%, p = 0.228). The supplement trials that exist found B12 did nothing for mood or thinking in people without deficiency, across 16 trials and 6,276 people.

Figures from Xu et al. 2021 (PMID 34498733), Keles et al. 2024 (PMID 37448321) and Clemesha et al. 2020 (PMID 31385468). The two men's studies are cross-sectional, so each is an association; the third is a label audit.

Is it low B12, or is it me?

You typed a question into a search bar and got a supplement back. Fair enough. Low B12 is real, and in some groups it is common. A survey of 427 people aged 1 to 89 in Sulaymaniyah found 38.7% deficient, with adults at 41.4% and the elderly at 42.6%. In a hospital cohort of 894 adults aged 65 or over admitted to internal medicine, 9.1% were deficient and 17.3% sat in the borderline band.

Two more groups deserve naming. Pernicious anaemia, an autoimmune stomach disease that blocks B12 absorption, runs at 0.1% of the general population and 1.9% of people over 60, per a review by Andres and colleagues (2012) that calls it a great pretender. And in a diabetes clinic study of 700 adults with type 2 diabetes, prolonged metformin therapy raised B12 deficiency by 11.16%.

This page keeps two questions apart on purpose. Am I deficient is a blood test, and the answer matters for reasons far beyond desire. Will a supplement lift my drive is a second question, and no trial has answered it. If your labs came back normal and you still feel flat, start with low iron and sex drive, the thyroid and low libido, and numbers fine, still flat.

What the men's studies found, and what they did not

Xu and colleagues (2021) took 134 men with erection problems and 50 healthy controls and scored them with the IIEF-5 questionnaire. The men with problems had a lower median B12, 256.0 against 337.5, lower median folic acid, 6.08 against 10.21, and higher median homocysteine, 11.4 against 7.95, each with p < .001. Folic acid fell as severity rose, 7.52 to 6.15 to 5.49 to 3.97, while homocysteine climbed 10.35 to 11.8 to 12.9 to 15. The authors reported cut-offs of folic acid at or below 8.84 and homocysteine at or above 10.35, plus negative correlations with homocysteine of r = -0.703 for folic acid and r = -0.576 for B12. In the multivariate model, folic acid and homocysteine carried the result, and no man was given a supplement.

The same group published again in 2023. Xu and colleagues (2023) studied 84 men with erection problems against 42 healthy men, using a RigiScan device to screen out psychogenic causes. Median B12 came in at 195 against 338, folic acid at 4.66 against 10.31, homocysteine at 12.7 against 8.1. On multivariate logistic regression the independent factor was folic acid, odds ratio 0.111 (95% CI 0.031 to 0.399). B12 was lower in the men with problems, and it was not the number that survived the model.

Then there is the study that found nothing. Keles and colleagues (2024) screened 957 men at one urology clinic from 2015 to 2022 and kept 136, with comorbid disease, medication use, surgical history and other predisposing causes excluded; low B12 was set at 200 or below. Mean erection score on SHIM-5 was 15.30 in the 32 men with low B12 and 16.06 in the men with normal levels (t = 0.562, p = 0.575). Low B12 turned up in 26.7% of men with a desire problem and 17.4% of men without one (chi square = 1.46, p = 0.228). The authors call for prospective randomized studies.

The largest study runs the other way. Chen and colleagues (2019) surveyed 1,381 men in Guangxi and found B12 higher in the men with erection problems, 718.53 against 688.74 picograms per millilitre (p = 0.015). On multinomial logistic regression, B12 was related to mild erection problems, adjusted odds ratio 1.620 (95% CI 1.141 to 2.300), strongest in men aged 40 to 49. Folic acid showed no association at all.

Two further lines point away from B12 as the actor. Cheng and colleagues (2025) pooled 12 studies, 1,766 men with erection problems and 2,340 without, and found homocysteine higher in the men with problems (SMD 0.97, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.43). The authors report publication bias, every input study is observational, and homocysteine is a different molecule from B12. Li and colleagues (2026) worked through 3,306 men in two NHANES cycles and found higher methylmalonic acid, a marker tied to B12 metabolism, associated with greater odds of erection problems (odds ratio 1.031, 95% CI 1.008 to 1.056). They call that hypothesis-generating, the outcome was self-reported, and the data cycles are historical.

What the one women's study found

One study we found put B12, folate and homocysteine next to a women's questionnaire. Taymur and colleagues (2026) assessed 114 sexually active women aged 18 to 45 who presented to one hospital in Turkey with sexual complaints, using the Female Sexual Function Index plus fasting serum homocysteine, B12 and folic acid. A sample size calculation had set 84 as the minimum needed to detect a moderate correlation with 80% power. Total scores were available for 111 women and homocysteine values for 99. Mean total score was 24.69, under the cut-off that marks a sexual problem on that index.

Homocysteine showed no association with the total score or with any domain score (rho = -0.035, p = 0.726), and groups split at 10 and 15 micromol/L did not differ. In multivariable regression, homocysteine, B12 and folic acid were none of them independent predictors of the total score. Age was the variable that moved, with a moderate negative correlation against the desire domain (rho = -0.362, p < 0.001).

The authors warn that these findings need cautious reading because there is no control group, and every woman in the study was already seeking care for a sexual complaint. A flat result in a group that all came in with a complaint tells you little about why desire drops. For the wider picture, read low libido in women.

Does a B12 supplement do anything you can feel?

Markun and colleagues (2021) gathered the randomized trials of B12, given alone or with folic acid and sometimes vitamin B6, in people without advanced neurological disease or overt B12 deficiency. Sixteen trials, 6,276 people. They found no evidence of an effect on any subdomain of cognitive function, and meta-regression found no significant association between effect size and any potential predictor. Depression measures showed no overall effect. Only one trial reported effects on idiopathic fatigue, so fatigue could not be pooled at all. The authors conclude that B12 supplementation is likely ineffective for cognitive function and depression in this population. No included trial measured desire.

Folate and B12 have been pooled for depression as well. Almeida and colleagues (2015) screened 52 randomized trials and kept 11. Short-term use, days to a few weeks, did not improve depression scores in adults with major depression who were already on antidepressants (5 studies, SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.22). More prolonged use looked better: one study put relapse risk at an odds ratio of 0.33 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.94), and two studies put the onset of clinically significant depression in at-risk people at a risk ratio of 0.65 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.98). The authors state that the number of available trials remains small, heterogeneity between studies is high, and folate and B12 were analyzed together, so no B12-only effect exists in that paper.

Multi-vitamin B combinations are a separate literature. Young and colleagues (2019) reviewed 18 articles from 16 trials and 2,015 participants taking at least three B group vitamins daily for four weeks or more. Eleven of the 18 articles reported a positive effect over placebo on overall mood or one facet of it. Stress favored the vitamins (n = 958, SMD 0.23, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.45). Depressive measures did not reach significance (n = 568, SMD 0.15, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.32), and anxiety showed nothing (n = 562, SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.20). Three authors received research funding, honoraria and conference support from the nutrition and supplement industry.

One more review is worth reading before you write vitamins off in mood. Borges-Vieira and colleagues (2023) matched 20 trials covering 2,256 adults with depression or anxiety, and folic acid, B1, B12 and vitamin D added to standard care did lower depression scale scores. The authors state plainly that the vitamins were given alongside other compounds, so the improvement cannot be attributed strictly to them, and no B12-only figure is broken out.

So what is there to feel? In people who are not deficient, the measured outcomes show nothing on thinking, nothing overall on depressive scores, and nothing on anxiety. Desire was never one of the outcomes in any of these trials, which is the honest answer to the headline question. If mood is the real weight on your drive, depression and low libido goes further, and so does brain fog and sex drive.

The testosterone-booster shelf

Clemesha and colleagues (2020) collected 50 supplements sold with testosterone claims, found by Google search, and checked every label against the PubMed literature and against recommended daily allowances and upper tolerable intake levels. Ninety percent claimed to raise testosterone, 50% claimed to improve desire, and 48% claimed you feel stronger. The labels listed 109 unique components, a mean of 8.3 per product. For 24.8% of the products, published data showed testosterone rising with supplementation; for 10.1%, data showed a fall; for 18.3%, data showed no change; and for 61.5% there was no testosterone data at all. The median product carried 1,291% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin B12, 807.6% for vitamin B6 and 272% for zinc. Thirteen products exceeded the US upper tolerable intake level for zinc, vitamin B3 or magnesium.

The one other sexual B12 study we found is a case-control study of 109 men at a single hospital in Turkey. Kadihasanoglu and colleagues (2017) compared 56 men who reported finishing too fast, under 2 minutes intravaginally on DSM-IV criteria, against 53 controls. Mean B12 was 213.14 nanograms per millilitre in the men with the complaint against 265.89 in controls (p < .001). Erection questionnaire and depression scores did not differ significantly. No supplement was given, and correlation is all this design can carry.

A label carrying 1,291% of the daily allowance for B12 is built around a testosterone claim. Nobody in that audit measured desire in a single person. If you are shopping that shelf, do testosterone boosters work and the libido supplements the research does not back cover what is in the bottle.

What has been counted, in order

Seven looks at B12 and sex have been counted here, and they do not line up. Two are reviews of randomized trials where people took a supplement and something was scored. Five are observational: a blood draw sorted by a questionnaire, or a pool of such draws. Not one has desire as an outcome. That shape explains the pattern below. The 2021 trial review is the only place B12 was given and mood or thinking was scored, and nothing moved. The men's studies found correlations with erection scores, and the largest of them found the correlation running the other way. The most recent study in women found nothing at all.

B12 in the studies: what each measured, and what it says about desire

Study	Design	Who	Finding	What it says about desire
Markun 2021	Meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials	6,276 people without overt deficiency	No effect on cognitive function or depression; fatigue reported in one trial only	Desire was never measured, and the outcomes that were measured did not move
Xu 2021	Cross-sectional	134 men with erection problems, 50 controls	Median B12 256.0 against 337.5; folic acid and homocysteine carried the multivariate model	An association in men, one blood draw, and no desire score in it
Keles 2024	Cross-sectional, single center	136 men from a urology clinic	No difference in erection scores (p = 0.575); low B12 in 26.7% of men with a desire problem against 17.4% without, p = 0.228	The one study that sorted men by a desire problem found nothing significant
Chen 2019	Cross-sectional	1,381 men in Guangxi, China	B12 higher in men with erection problems; adjusted odds ratio 1.620 (95% CI 1.141 to 2.300) for mild problems	It runs the other way, so a low-B12 story cannot be told straight
Taymur 2026	Cross-sectional, no control group	114 women with sexual complaints	Homocysteine, B12 and folic acid were not independent predictors of the total score	The only women's study here, and it predicted nothing
Clemesha 2020	Label and claim audit	50 supplements sold with testosterone claims	50% claimed to improve desire; median 1,291% of the recommended daily allowance for B12	Nobody's desire was measured, in a shelf full of desire claims

What actually helps, graded honestly

A blood test that shows deficiency changes the conversation. A low level is a medical finding with its own reasons to act, and desire is not one of them. Pernicious anaemia, an autoimmune atrophic gastritis that blocks absorption, accounts for 20% to 50% of the causes of B12 deficiency in adults, and its management is based on injectable B12 (Andres and colleagues, 2012). In 894 adults aged 65 years or over admitted to hospital, deficiency at 9.1% came with higher frailty rates and lower functional status (Papakitsou and colleagues, 2025). That is retrospective and observational, in inpatients. Deciding what a low level needs is your doctor's call, on those grounds.

If the level is normal, the trials leave nothing to feel. In 16 randomized trials of 6,276 people without overt deficiency, B12 showed no evidence of an effect on any subdomain of cognitive function and no overall effect on measures of depression, and the authors concluded it is likely ineffective in that population (Markun and colleagues, 2021). A review of 11 folate and B12 trials found short-term use did not improve depression scores in adults on antidepressants: SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.22, with the authors noting few trials and high heterogeneity (Almeida and colleagues, 2015). Desire was not an outcome in either review.

The free levers do more work than a vitamin bottle. Sleep, movement you can sustain, your mood, your pain, and time with a partner where nothing is expected at the end all move wanting in most people. The nutrient searches people run most often are covered honestly elsewhere: zinc, vitamin D and libido and magnesium and sex drive. If you are a man reading this because your drive has dropped, low libido in men covers the sleep, hormones and medicines behind most of it.

The men's studies deserve one plain sentence: they are about blood vessels and correlation. Homocysteine ran higher in men with erection problems across 12 studies, SMD 0.97 on a 95% CI of 0.51 to 1.43, and the authors report publication bias and ask for larger, more rigorous work (Cheng and colleagues, 2025). In both Xu studies, folic acid and homocysteine carried the multivariate result, and B12 did not. A correlation in a blood draw is a reason to ask a doctor about your vascular health.

Should you get tested?

The bands most of these studies used are simple: deficient below 200 pg/mL, borderline 200 to 300 pg/mL, normal above 300 pg/mL (Papakitsou and colleagues, 2025; Shwan and colleagues, 2025). Some groups run low more often. In a survey of 427 people in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq, 38.7% were deficient, with the highest rates among adults at 41.4% and the elderly at 42.6% (Shwan and colleagues, 2025). Among older adults admitted to hospital, 9.1% were deficient and 17.3% sat in the borderline band (Papakitsou and colleagues, 2025). Prolonged metformin therapy showed an increase in B12 deficiency of 11.16% in 700 adults with type 2 diabetes (Farooq and colleagues, 2022), and pernicious anaemia runs at 1.9% in people over 60 years (Andres and colleagues, 2012). A blood test answers the deficiency question. It answers nothing else on this page.

What to bring to your doctor

Bring paper. Your doctor has minutes, and a written list does more work than a description on the day. Six things make that appointment useful, and the first five cost nothing. Write them the night before, in the words you would use with a friend, in the order below.

1. The timeline of feeling flat. When wanting started to drop, what changed in the months around it, and whether an illness, a new baby, a menopause transition, a new job or a new medicine came first. Dates beat adjectives.
2. The diet and the medicines that lower B12. If you take metformin, say how long you have been on it: prolonged therapy showed an increase in B12 deficiency of 11.16% in adults with type 2 diabetes (Farooq and colleagues, 2022). Long-standing vegetarian and vegan patterns belong on the same line.
3. The energy and mood picture, in detail. That is what the trials measured: thinking, depression scores, and fatigue reported in a single trial (Markun and colleagues, 2021). Sleep hours, alcohol, pain and stress go here too.
4. The blood test and its band. Bring the number and ask which band it sits in: below 200, 200 to 300, or above 300 pg/mL (Shwan and colleagues, 2025). Ask whether anything else explains a low reading.
5. The supplement shelf question. Bring the label of anything you take. In an audit of 50 supplements sold with testosterone claims, 90% claimed to raise testosterone and 50% claimed to improve desire, while for 61.5% no testosterone data were found in the literature (Clemesha and colleagues, 2020).
6. The botanical question, bottle in hand. Show the ingredient list, ask about your own medicines, and ask what the label caution means for you specifically.

The everyday levers, and where a botanical fits

Start with who this section is not for. Kidney disease, heart disease, lung disease and blood-pressure medication are all common, and they are exactly what NUUD's own label warns about: avoid use if you are on blood pressure medication, have cardiovascular, renal, or pulmonary conditions, or if you are sensitive to any of the ingredients. For a lot of readers, that sentence is the answer. Talk to your doctor first and bring the label. High blood pressure and vascular health also show up in the men's studies above, so this is not a theoretical caution.

A few ordinary things move desire in most people, and the free ones do more work than the internet admits.

• Sleep, in quantity and quality, since tiredness and low mood feed each other and both flatten wanting. Sleep, libido and testosterone covers that link.
• Movement you can sustain, the kind you will still be doing in March. Exercise and libido covers the wider picture, including blood flow.
• Care for your mood and your energy, both said out loud at an appointment and taken as seriously as your blood work.
• Time and safety, with a partner or on your own, with nothing expected at the end.
• A botanical supplement, if you want one, as the smallest lever on this list.

NUUD is a botanical supplement built around desire in general. It does nothing for vitamin B12 deficiency, anaemia, fatigue, or any vitamin level, and it has no role in managing any medical condition. The formula is anchored by the NUUD Mushroom Complex™, with Muira Puama, Boiled Rehmannia Root, Tribulus Terrestris, and Piper Nigrum for absorption, on a timeline of roughly 30 to 60 minutes. If you take blood-pressure medication or have a heart, kidney or lung condition, the label says no, and your doctor decides the rest. If your doctor has read that label and has no objection, that is what our women's libido gummies are for. There is a men's version.

Nothing is wrong with you

Two answers circulate online, and both waste your time. The shrug: it is only a vitamin, take it, no harm done, your drive will sort itself out. The shelf: a bottle that promises wanting from a vitamin at a median 1,291% of the daily allowance. Both skip the numbers.

Here they are in plain words. One study of men with erection problems found a median B12 of 256.0 against 337.5 in healthy men. The next study, 136 men, found erection scores of 15.30 against 16.06, which is no difference. The women's study, 114 women who went to a hospital with sexual complaints, found B12, folate and homocysteine predicted nothing on the questionnaire. And in 16 randomized trials of 6,276 people, supplements moved neither thinking nor mood.

What is left is the ordinary, unglamorous reason you feel flat. Tiredness, low mood, pain, a body recovering from something, a household that has become pure logistics, work that eats the evening. Every one of those flattens wanting, and none of them appear on a lab sheet. If your sentence is "I am tired all the time", or "I just want to feel normal again", that sentence is the whole complaint. Say it out loud at the appointment, in those words.

Keep reading

• Zinc, vitamin D and libido
• Does magnesium increase sex drive?
• Can low iron lower your sex drive?
• Libido supplements the research does not back
• Do testosterone boosters work?
• Why is my libido so low?

Frequently asked questions

Does vitamin B12 increase sex drive?
No trial has measured desire on vitamin B12. The biggest piece of counted evidence is a meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials in 6,276 people without overt deficiency (Markun and colleagues, 2021). It found no evidence of an effect on any subdomain of cognitive function and no overall effect on measures of depression, and fatigue was reported in one trial, so it was never analysed. A study of 136 men (Keles and colleagues, 2024) put low B12 at 26.7% in men with a desire problem against 17.4% in men without one, p = 0.228.

Can low B12 cause low libido?
No study has shown cause. In men, cross-sectional work found lower B12 alongside erection problems: 134 men with erection problems had a median B12 of 256.0 against 337.5 in 50 healthy controls (Xu and colleagues, 2021). A larger study of 1,381 men found the opposite direction, B12 higher in men with erection problems, adjusted odds ratio 1.620 for mild problems (Chen and colleagues, 2019). In 114 women, B12, folate and homocysteine predicted nothing on the questionnaire (Taymur and colleagues, 2026). These are associations in men's blood-vessel studies, and none measured desire.

Does B12 raise testosterone?
No. One audit counted the labels of 50 supplements sold with testosterone claims (Clemesha and colleagues, 2020). 90% claimed to raise testosterone, 50% claimed to improve desire, and for 61.5% no testosterone data were found in the literature at all. Those products carried a median 1,291% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin B12. It is a label audit, and nobody in it had testosterone or desire measured. No B12 trial counted on this page measured testosterone.

Do B12 shots give you energy?
If you are deficient, correcting that is the point, and injectable B12 is the basis of managing pernicious anaemia (Andres and colleagues, 2012). Outside deficiency, energy was barely measured. In the meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials in 6,276 people, only one study reported effects on idiopathic fatigue, so no analysis of fatigue was possible (Markun and colleagues, 2021). Depression measures and cognitive function showed no overall effect in that same review. Anyone promising you energy from a shot is working from a mechanism. The trials were not run.

Can I take a botanical supplement with B12?
Ask your doctor first, and bring the bottle. The NUUD label caution says to avoid use if you are on blood pressure medication, have cardiovascular, renal, or pulmonary conditions, or if you are sensitive to any of the ingredients. No interaction studies exist for this formula and vitamin B12. NUUD is a botanical supplement built around desire in general. It does nothing for B12 levels, anaemia, fatigue, or any vitamin level, and it has no role in managing any medical condition.

References

1. Markun S, Gravestock I, Jäger L, Rosemann T, Pichierri G, Burgstaller JM. Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33809274/
2. Young LM, Pipingas A, White DJ, Gauci S, Scholey A. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of B Vitamin Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: Effects on Healthy and 'At-Risk' Individuals. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31527485/
3. Almeida OP, Ford AH, Flicker L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression. International psychogeriatrics. 2015;27(5):727-37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25644193/
4. Kadihasanoglu M, Kilciler M, Kilciler G, et al. Relation between blood vitamin B12 levels with premature ejaculation: case-control study. Andrologia. 2017;49(5):. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27681841/
5. Cheng P, Li HM, Shen YJ, Wang YW, Tang XL. Association between serum homocysteine and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of impotence research. 2025;37(8):574-582. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39616259/
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7. Farooq MD, Tak FA, Ara F, Rashid S, Mir IA. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Clinical Neuropathy with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of xenobiotics. 2022;12(2):122-130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35736024/
8. Xu J, Xu Z, Ge N, et al. Association between folic acid, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and erectile dysfunction-A cross-sectional study. Andrologia. 2021;53(11):e14234. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34498733/
9. Clemesha CG, Thaker H, Samplaski MK. 'Testosterone Boosting' Supplements Composition and Claims Are not Supported by the Academic Literature. The world journal of men's health. 2020;38(1):115-122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31385468/
10. Xu J, Xu Z, Pan H, Zhou Z. Association between erectile dysfunction and Helicobacter pylori, folic acid, vitamin B12, and homocysteine: a cross-sectional study. Sexual medicine. 2023;11(2):qfac018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36910702/
11. Chen Y, Li J, Li T, et al. Association between homocysteine, vitamin B ((12)) , folic acid and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study in China. BMJ open. 2019;9(5):e023003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31122963/
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13. Taymur BD, Toklucu G, Yayla S. Do serum homocysteine levels affect female sexual function in reproductive-age women: a cross-sectional study. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992). 2026;72(6):e20260293. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42484182/
14. Shwan AOA, Najmuldeen HH, Abdalrahman NA, Hamafaraj HJ, Alghofaili F. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Its Association With Age and Gender in a Healthy Population From Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2025;39(21):e71157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41196058/
15. Li GJ, Zhang CH, Jiang LX, Fan HQ, Fang HL, Wu YY. Association of methylmalonic acid with erectile dysfunction and the mediating role of endothelial activation: a population-based study of NHANES 2001-2004. Sexual medicine. 2026;14(5):qfag054. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42441356/
16. Wylenzek F, Bühling KJ, Laakmann E. A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2024;310(4):2235-2245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38935105/
17. Borges-Vieira JG, Cardoso CKS. Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutritional neuroscience. 2023;26(3):187-207. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35156551/
18. Andres E, Serraj K. Optimal management of pernicious anemia. Journal of blood medicine. 2012;3:97-103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23028239/

This article is for general education and is not medical advice. Vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia are medical conditions that only a licensed clinician can diagnose and manage. NUUD is a botanical supplement and has no role in diagnosing, treating, curing, or preventing vitamin deficiency, anaemia, or any other disease, and these statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Talk with your doctor before starting any new supplement, and do not stop or change any medication without your doctor.